The U.S. tax system is pay-as-you-go. If you are self-employed, earn 1099 income, receive substantial investment income, or simply don't have enough tax withheld from a paycheck, the IRS expects you to make quarterly estimated tax payments throughout the year. Generally, you must pay estimated taxes if you expect to owe $1,000 or more when you file your return.
Freelancers and independent contractors are the most common filers because no employer withholds taxes on their behalf. Estimated payments cover federal income tax plus self-employment tax (15.3% for Social Security and Medicare). Missing a deadline or underpaying triggers an IRS penalty. The safe harbor rule lets you avoid penalties by paying at least 100% of your prior-year tax liability through withholding and estimates (110% if your AGI exceeds $150,000).
| Quarter | Income Period | Due Date |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Jan 1 – Mar 31 | April 15, 2026 |
| Q2 | Apr 1 – May 31 | June 15, 2026 |
| Q3 | Jun 1 – Aug 31 | September 15, 2026 |
| Q4 | Sep 1 – Dec 31 | January 15, 2027 |
Safe harbor tip:If your AGI is under $150,000, pay at least 100% of last year's total tax liability across four equal quarterly payments. If your AGI is $150,000 or higher, the threshold is 110%. Meeting this rule guarantees you avoid underpayment penalties regardless of what you actually owe when you file.
Calculate your quarterly estimated tax payments for 2026. Built for freelancers, 1099 workers, and the self-employed.
W-2 wages + 1099 income + other income combined.
Self-employment income before expenses.
Deductible business expenses (supplies, software, home office, etc.).
Federal tax already withheld from a W-2 job, if any.
From line 24 of last year's Form 1040. Used to calculate the safe harbor amount.
This calculator provides estimates for informational purposes only. It uses simplified 2026 tax brackets and flat state tax rates. Self-employment tax is calculated at 15.3% (12.4% Social Security + 2.9% Medicare) on 92.35% of net self-employment income. It does not account for the QBI deduction, additional Medicare tax, or other credits. Consult a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation.
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